Introduction

Introduction

CERC Principals of Communication

CERC Principals of Communication

Psychology of a Crisis

Psychology of a Crisis

Defining Audiences

Defining Audiences

Crisis Life Cycle

Crisis Life Cycle

Communicate Effectively

Communicate Effectively

Working With the Media

Working With the Media

Spokesperson

Spokesperson

Social Media

Social Media

Summary

Summary

3

Heading

Heading

Heading

Heading

Heading
Heading

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What’s a Rich Text element?

This is a subheading and where it goes in the document flow

The rich text element allows you to create and format headings, paragraphs, blockquotes, images, and video all in one place instead of having to add and format them individually. Just double-click and easily create content. The rich text element allows you to create and format headings, paragraphs, blockquotes, images, and video all in one place instead of having to add and format them individually. Just double-click and easily create content. The rich text element allows you to create and format headings, paragraphs, blockquotes, images, and video all in one place instead of having to add and format them individually. Just double-click and easily create content.

The rich text element allows you to create and format headings, paragraphs, blockquotes, images, and video all in one place instead of having to add and format them individually. Just double-click and easily create content. The rich text element allows you to create and format headings, paragraphs, blockquotes, images, and video all in one place instead of having to add and format them individually. Just double-click and easily create content. The rich text element allows you to create and format headings, paragraphs, blockquotes, images, and video all in one place instead of having to add and format them individually. Just double-click and easily create content.

This is an h2 heading inside rich text

A rich text element can be used with static or dynamic content. For static content, just drop it into any page and begin editing. For dynamic content, add a rich text field to any collection and then connect a rich text element to that field in the settings panel. Voila!

Static and dynamic content editing

A rich text element can be used with static or dynamic content. For static content, just drop it into any page and begin editing. For dynamic content, add a rich text field to any collection and then connect a rich text element to that field in the settings panel. Voila!

Static and dynamic content editing

A rich text element can be used with static or dynamic content. For static content, just drop it into any page and begin editing. For dynamic content, add a rich text field to any collection and then connect a rich text element to that field in the settings panel. Voila!

Static and dynamic content editing

A rich text element can be used with static or dynamic content. For static content, just drop it into any page and begin editing. For dynamic content, add a rich text field to any collection and then connect a rich text element to that field in the settings panel. Voila!

Static and dynamic content editing

A rich text element can be used with static or dynamic content. For static content, just drop it into any page and begin editing. For dynamic content, add a rich text field to any collection and then connect a rich text element to that field in the settings panel. Voila!

A rich text element can be used with static or dynamic content. For static content, just drop it into any page and begin editing. For dynamic content, add a rich text field to any collection and then connect a rich text element to that field in the settings panel. Voila!

How to customize formatting for each rich text

Headings, paragraphs, blockquotes, figures, images, and figure captions can all be styled after a class is added to the rich text element using the "When inside of" nested selector system.

Resources
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Psychology of a Crisis

Why is communicating in a crisis different?

Knowledge Check

In a crisis, affected people take in, process, and act on information differently than they would during non-crisis times. People or groups may exaggerate their communication responses. They may even revert to more basic or instinctive fight-or-flight reasoning. 


Effective communication during a crisis is not an attempt at mass mental therapy, nor is it a magic potion that fixes all problems. Instead, effectively communicating in a crisis is critical to help audiences make the best decisions because there will be many conflicting messages from different trusted sources.

In a crisis, affected people take in, process, and act on information differently than they would during non-crisis times. People or groups may exaggerate their communication responses. They may even revert to more basic or instinctive fight-or-flight reasoning. 


Effective communication during a crisis is not an attempt at mass mental therapy, nor is it a magic potion that fixes all problems. Instead, effectively communicating in a crisis is critical to help audiences make the best decisions because there will be many conflicting messages from different trusted sources.

In a crisis, affected people take in, process, and act on information differently than they would during non-crisis times. People or groups may exaggerate their communication responses. They may even revert to more basic or instinctive fight-or-flight reasoning. 


Effective communication during a crisis is not an attempt at mass mental therapy, nor is it a magic potion that fixes all problems. Instead, effectively communicating in a crisis is critical to help audiences make the best decisions because there will be many conflicting messages from different trusted sources.

This five-step process helps attract the attention of your audience and sets you up as a trusted source.

Failure in communications range drastically, but generally lead to public confusion.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

In a crisis, affected people take in, process, and act on information differently than they would during non-crisis times. People or groups may exaggerate their communication responses. They may even revert to more basic or instinctive fight-or-flight reasoning. 


Effective communication during a crisis is not an attempt at mass mental therapy, nor is it a magic potion that fixes all problems. Instead, effectively communicating in a crisis is critical to help audiences make the best decisions because there will be many conflicting messages from different trusted sources.

1

This five-step process helps attract the attention of your audience and sets you up as a trusted source.

2

Failure in communications range drastically, but generally lead to public confusion.

3

Execute a plan.

4

Execute a plan.

5

Execute a plan.

6

Execute a plan.

7

Execute a plan.

8

Execute a plan.

9

Execute a plan.

10

Execute a plan.

11

Execute a plan.

12

Execute a plan.

In a crisis, affected people take in, process, and act on information differently than they would during non-crisis times. People or groups may exaggerate their communication responses. They may even revert to more basic or instinctive fight-or-flight reasoning. 


Effective communication during a crisis is not an attempt at mass mental therapy, nor is it a magic potion that fixes all problems. Instead, effectively communicating in a crisis is critical to help audiences make the best decisions because there will be many conflicting messages from different trusted sources.

This five-step process helps attract the attention of your audience and sets you up as a trusted source.

Failure in communications range drastically, but generally lead to public confusion.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Effective Communication

This five-step process helps attract the attention of your audience and sets you up as a trusted source.

Failure in communications range drastically, but generally lead to public confusion.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Effective Communication

This five-step process helps attract the attention of your audience and sets you up as a trusted source.

Failures in Communication

Failure in communications range drastically, but generally lead to public confusion.

In a crisis, affected people take in, process, and act on information differently than they would during non-crisis times. People or groups may exaggerate their communication responses. They may even revert to more basic or instinctive fight-or-flight reasoning. 


Effective communication during a crisis is not an attempt at mass mental therapy, nor is it a magic potion that fixes all problems. Instead, effectively communicating in a crisis is critical to help audiences make the best decisions because there will be many conflicting messages from different trusted sources.

Effective Communication

This five-step process helps attract the attention of your audience and sets you up as a trusted source.

Failures in Communication

Failure in communications range drastically, but generally lead to public confusion.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

In a crisis, affected people take in, process, and act on information differently than they would during non-crisis times. People or groups may exaggerate their communication responses. They may even revert to more basic or instinctive fight-or-flight reasoning. 


Effective communication during a crisis is not an attempt at mass mental therapy, nor is it a magic potion that fixes all problems. Instead, effectively communicating in a crisis is critical to help audiences make the best decisions because there will be many conflicting messages from different trusted sources.

This five-step process helps attract the attention of your audience and sets you up as a trusted source.

Failure in communications range drastically, but generally lead to public confusion.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

In a crisis, affected people take in, process, and act on information differently than they would during non-crisis times. People or groups may exaggerate their communication responses. They may even revert to more basic or instinctive fight-or-flight reasoning. 


Effective communication during a crisis is not an attempt at mass mental therapy, nor is it a magic potion that fixes all problems. Instead, effectively communicating in a crisis is critical to help audiences make the best decisions because there will be many conflicting messages from different trusted sources.

In a crisis, affected people take in, process, and act on information differently than they would during non-crisis times. People or groups may exaggerate their communication responses. They may even revert to more basic or instinctive fight-or-flight reasoning. 


Effective communication during a crisis is not an attempt at mass mental therapy, nor is it a magic potion that fixes all problems. Instead, effectively communicating in a crisis is critical to help audiences make the best decisions because there will be many conflicting messages from different trusted sources.

This five-step process helps attract the attention of your audience and sets you up as a trusted source.

Failure in communications range drastically, but generally lead to public confusion.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

In a crisis, affected people take in, process, and act on information differently than they would during non-crisis times. People or groups may exaggerate their communication responses. They may even revert to more basic or instinctive fight-or-flight reasoning. 


Effective communication during a crisis is not an attempt at mass mental therapy, nor is it a magic potion that fixes all problems. Instead, effectively communicating in a crisis is critical to help audiences make the best decisions because there will be many conflicting messages from different trusted sources.

In a crisis, affected people take in, process, and act on information differently than they would during non-crisis times. People or groups may exaggerate their communication responses. They may even revert to more basic or instinctive fight-or-flight reasoning. 


Effective communication during a crisis is not an attempt at mass mental therapy, nor is it a magic potion that fixes all problems. Instead, effectively communicating in a crisis is critical to help audiences make the best decisions because there will be many conflicting messages from different trusted sources.

This five-step process helps attract the attention of your audience and sets you up as a trusted source.

Failure in communications range drastically, but generally lead to public confusion.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

In a crisis, affected people take in, process, and act on information differently than they would during non-crisis times. People or groups may exaggerate their communication responses. They may even revert to more basic or instinctive fight-or-flight reasoning. 


Effective communication during a crisis is not an attempt at mass mental therapy, nor is it a magic potion that fixes all problems. Instead, effectively communicating in a crisis is critical to help audiences make the best decisions because there will be many conflicting messages from different trusted sources.

1

Effective Communication

This five-step process helps attract the attention of your audience and sets you up as a trusted source.

2

Failures in Communication

Failure in communications range drastically, but generally lead to public confusion.

3

Execute a plan.

4

Execute a plan.

5

Execute a plan.

6

Execute a plan.

7

Execute a plan.

8

Execute a plan.

9

Execute a plan.

10

Execute a plan.

11

Execute a plan.

12

Execute a plan.

In a crisis, affected people take in, process, and act on information differently than they would during non-crisis times. People or groups may exaggerate their communication responses. They may even revert to more basic or instinctive fight-or-flight reasoning. 


Effective communication during a crisis is not an attempt at mass mental therapy, nor is it a magic potion that fixes all problems. Instead, effectively communicating in a crisis is critical to help audiences make the best decisions because there will be many conflicting messages from different trusted sources.

This five-step process helps attract the attention of your audience and sets you up as a trusted source.

Failure in communications range drastically, but generally lead to public confusion.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Suspendisse varius enim in eros elementum tristique. Duis cursus, mi quis viverra.

In a crisis, affected people take in, process, and act on information differently than they would during non-crisis times. People or groups may exaggerate their communication responses. They may even revert to more basic or instinctive fight-or-flight reasoning. 


Effective communication during a crisis is not an attempt at mass mental therapy, nor is it a magic potion that fixes all problems. Instead, effectively communicating in a crisis is critical to help audiences make the best decisions because there will be many conflicting messages from different trusted sources.

Effective Communication

This five-step process helps attract the attention of your audience and sets you up as a trusted source.

Failures in Communication

Failure in communications range drastically, but generally lead to public confusion.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Audiences simplify and misinterpret the messages they hear.

Example: What you say: There is an increased number of flu cases in our city. What the public might hear: There is a flu outbreak! Or, “I’m not at risk.”

Audiences simplify and misinterpret the messages they hear.

Example: What you say: There is an increased number of flu cases in our city. What the public might hear: There is a flu outbreak! Or, “I’m not at risk.”

Audiences, such as community members, may not fully hear the details of a response as they juggle multiple facts and sources.

They may be too stressed to remember information they could remember in normal situations.

They may misinterpret the information given to them.

Audiences simplify and misinterpret the messages they hear.

Example: What you say: There is an increased number of flu cases in our city. What the public might hear: There is a flu outbreak! Or, “I’m not at risk.”

1

Audiences, such as community members, may not fully hear the details of a response as they juggle multiple facts and sources.

2

They may be too stressed to remember information they could remember in normal situations.

3

They may misinterpret the information given to them.

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

Audiences simplify and misinterpret the messages they hear.

Example: What you say: There is an increased number of flu cases in our city. What the public might hear: There is a flu outbreak! Or, “I’m not at risk.”

Audiences, such as community members, may not fully hear the details of a response as they juggle multiple facts and sources.

They may be too stressed to remember information they could remember in normal situations.

They may misinterpret the information given to them.

Audiences, such as community members, may not fully hear the details of a response as they juggle multiple facts and sources.

They may be too stressed to remember information they could remember in normal situations.

They may misinterpret the information given to them.

Example: What you say: There is an increased number of flu cases in our city. What the public might hear: There is a flu outbreak! Or, “I’m not at risk.”

Audiences, such as community members, may not fully hear the details of a response as they juggle multiple facts and sources.

They may be too stressed to remember information they could remember in normal situations.

Audiences simplify and misinterpret the messages they hear.

Audiences, such as community members, may not fully hear the details of a response as they juggle multiple facts and sources.

They may be too stressed to remember information they could remember in normal situations.

They may misinterpret the information given to them.

Audiences simplify and misinterpret the messages they hear.

Example: What you say: There is an increased number of flu cases in our city. What the public might hear: There is a flu outbreak! Or, “I’m not at risk.”

Audiences, such as community members, may not fully hear the details of a response as they juggle multiple facts and sources.

They may be too stressed to remember information they could remember in normal situations.

They may misinterpret the information given to them.

Audiences simplify and misinterpret the messages they hear.

Example: What you say: There is an increased number of flu cases in our city. What the public might hear: There is a flu outbreak! Or, “I’m not at risk.”

Audiences simplify and misinterpret the messages they hear.

Example: What you say: There is an increased number of flu cases in our city. What the public might hear: There is a flu outbreak! Or, “I’m not at risk.”

Audiences, such as community members, may not fully hear the details of a response as they juggle multiple facts and sources.

They may be too stressed to remember information they could remember in normal situations.

They may misinterpret the information given to them.

Audiences simplify and misinterpret the messages they hear.

Example: What you say: There is an increased number of flu cases in our city. What the public might hear: There is a flu outbreak! Or, “I’m not at risk.”

Audiences simplify and misinterpret the messages they hear.

Example: What you say: There is an increased number of flu cases in our city. What the public might hear: There is a flu outbreak! Or, “I’m not at risk.”

Audiences, such as community members, may not fully hear the details of a response as they juggle multiple facts and sources.

They may be too stressed to remember information they could remember in normal situations.

They may misinterpret the information given to them.

Audiences simplify and misinterpret the messages they hear.

Example: What you say: There is an increased number of flu cases in our city. What the public might hear: There is a flu outbreak! Or, “I’m not at risk.”

1

Audiences, such as community members, may not fully hear the details of a response as they juggle multiple facts and sources.

2

They may be too stressed to remember information they could remember in normal situations.

3

They may misinterpret the information given to them.

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

Audiences simplify and misinterpret the messages they hear.

Example: What you say: There is an increased number of flu cases in our city. What the public might hear: There is a flu outbreak! Or, “I’m not at risk.”

Audiences, such as community members, may not fully hear the details of a response as they juggle multiple facts and sources.

They may be too stressed to remember information they could remember in normal situations.

They may misinterpret the information given to them.

Audiences simplify and misinterpret the messages they hear.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Suspendisse varius enim in eros elementum tristique. Duis cursus, mi quis viverra.

Audiences, such as community members, may not fully hear the details of a response as they juggle multiple facts and sources.

They may be too stressed to remember information they could remember in normal situations.

They may misinterpret the information given to them.

Audiences hold onto their current beliefs.

Audiences hold onto their current beliefs.

People, as a whole, tend to avoid evidence or information that contradicts what they already believe.

They seek out and hold onto small details that support their beliefs.

Audiences hold onto their current beliefs.

1

People, as a whole, tend to avoid evidence or information that contradicts what they already believe.

2

They seek out and hold onto small details that support their beliefs.

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

Audiences hold onto their current beliefs.

People, as a whole, tend to avoid evidence or information that contradicts what they already believe.

They seek out and hold onto small details that support their beliefs.

People, as a whole, tend to avoid evidence or information that contradicts what they already believe.

They seek out and hold onto small details that support their beliefs.

People, as a whole, tend to avoid evidence or information that contradicts what they already believe.

They seek out and hold onto small details that support their beliefs.

Audiences hold onto their current beliefs.

People, as a whole, tend to avoid evidence or information that contradicts what they already believe.

They seek out and hold onto small details that support their beliefs.

Audiences hold onto their current beliefs.

People, as a whole, tend to avoid evidence or information that contradicts what they already believe.

They seek out and hold onto small details that support their beliefs.

Audiences hold onto their current beliefs.

Audiences hold onto their current beliefs.

People, as a whole, tend to avoid evidence or information that contradicts what they already believe.

They seek out and hold onto small details that support their beliefs.

Audiences hold onto their current beliefs.

Audiences hold onto their current beliefs.

People, as a whole, tend to avoid evidence or information that contradicts what they already believe.

They seek out and hold onto small details that support their beliefs.

Audiences hold onto their current beliefs.

1

People, as a whole, tend to avoid evidence or information that contradicts what they already believe.

2

They seek out and hold onto small details that support their beliefs.

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

Audiences hold onto their current beliefs.

People, as a whole, tend to avoid evidence or information that contradicts what they already believe.

They seek out and hold onto small details that support their beliefs.

Audiences hold onto their current beliefs.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Suspendisse varius enim in eros elementum tristique. Duis cursus, mi quis viverra.

People, as a whole, tend to avoid evidence or information that contradicts what they already believe.

They seek out and hold onto small details that support their beliefs.

Audiences look for additional information and opinions.

Example: During COVID-19, audiences were split on if they should wear masks during the pandemic. As different experts said opposing things, it was easy for audiences to find — and follow — the information they most agreed with.

Audiences look for additional information and opinions.

Example: During COVID-19, audiences were split on if they should wear masks during the pandemic. As different experts said opposing things, it was easy for audiences to find — and follow — the information they most agreed with.

They change the channel or news source until they find a message they agree with.

They seek the input of family and friends.

They seek information on social media.

Audiences look for additional information and opinions.

Example: During COVID-19, audiences were split on if they should wear masks during the pandemic. As different experts said opposing things, it was easy for audiences to find — and follow — the information they most agreed with.

1

They change the channel or news source until they find a message they agree with.

2

They seek the input of family and friends.

3

They seek information on social media.

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

Audiences look for additional information and opinions.

Example: During COVID-19, audiences were split on if they should wear masks during the pandemic. As different experts said opposing things, it was easy for audiences to find — and follow — the information they most agreed with.

They change the channel or news source until they find a message they agree with.

They seek the input of family and friends.

They seek information on social media.

They change the channel or news source until they find a message they agree with.

They seek the input of family and friends.

They seek information on social media.

Example: During COVID-19, audiences were split on if they should wear masks during the pandemic. As different experts said opposing things, it was easy for audiences to find — and follow — the information they most agreed with.

They change the channel or news source until they find a message they agree with.

They seek the input of family and friends.

Audiences look for additional information and opinions.

They change the channel or news source until they find a message they agree with.

They seek the input of family and friends.

They seek information on social media.

Audiences look for additional information and opinions.

Example: During COVID-19, audiences were split on if they should wear masks during the pandemic. As different experts said opposing things, it was easy for audiences to find — and follow — the information they most agreed with.

They change the channel or news source until they find a message they agree with.

They seek the input of family and friends.

They seek information on social media.

Audiences look for additional information and opinions.

Example: During COVID-19, audiences were split on if they should wear masks during the pandemic. As different experts said opposing things, it was easy for audiences to find — and follow — the information they most agreed with.

Audiences look for additional information and opinions.

Example: During COVID-19, audiences were split on if they should wear masks during the pandemic. As different experts said opposing things, it was easy for audiences to find — and follow — the information they most agreed with.

They change the channel or news source until they find a message they agree with.

They seek the input of family and friends.

They seek information on social media.

Audiences look for additional information and opinions.

Example: During COVID-19, audiences were split on if they should wear masks during the pandemic. As different experts said opposing things, it was easy for audiences to find — and follow — the information they most agreed with.

Audiences look for additional information and opinions.

Example: During COVID-19, audiences were split on if they should wear masks during the pandemic. As different experts said opposing things, it was easy for audiences to find — and follow — the information they most agreed with.

They change the channel or news source until they find a message they agree with.

They seek the input of family and friends.

They seek information on social media.

Audiences look for additional information and opinions.

Example: During COVID-19, audiences were split on if they should wear masks during the pandemic. As different experts said opposing things, it was easy for audiences to find — and follow — the information they most agreed with.

1

They change the channel or news source until they find a message they agree with.

2

They seek the input of family and friends.

3

They seek information on social media.

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

Audiences look for additional information and opinions.

Example: During COVID-19, audiences were split on if they should wear masks during the pandemic. As different experts said opposing things, it was easy for audiences to find — and follow — the information they most agreed with.

They change the channel or news source until they find a message they agree with.

They seek the input of family and friends.

They seek information on social media.

Audiences look for additional information and opinions.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Suspendisse varius enim in eros elementum tristique. Duis cursus, mi quis viverra.

They change the channel or news source until they find a message they agree with.

They seek the input of family and friends.

They seek information on social media.

Even if the first source of information isn’t the official source, people remember it … and they believe it. It’s difficult for people to change their first impression. For example, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Surgeon General said not to wear a mask. People remembered that.

Audiences believe the first message they hear.

Even if the first source of information isn’t the official source, people remember it … and they believe it. It’s difficult for people to change their first impression. For example, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Surgeon General said not to wear a mask. People remembered that.

Audiences believe the first message they hear.

Even if the first source of information isn’t the official source, people remember it … and they believe it. It’s difficult for people to change their first impression. For example, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Surgeon General said not to wear a mask. People remembered that.

Audiences believe the first message they hear.

Even if the first source of information isn’t the official source, people remember it … and they believe it. It’s difficult for people to change their first impression. For example, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Surgeon General said not to wear a mask. People remembered that.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

Audiences believe the first message they hear.

Even if the first source of information isn’t the official source, people remember it … and they believe it. It’s difficult for people to change their first impression. For example, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Surgeon General said not to wear a mask. People remembered that.

Audiences believe the first message they hear.

Even if the first source of information isn’t the official source, people remember it … and they believe it. It’s difficult for people to change their first impression. For example, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Surgeon General said not to wear a mask. People remembered that.

Audiences believe the first message they hear.

Even if the first source of information isn’t the official source, people remember it … and they believe it. It’s difficult for people to change their first impression. For example, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Surgeon General said not to wear a mask. People remembered that.

Audiences believe the first message they hear.

Even if the first source of information isn’t the official source, people remember it … and they believe it. It’s difficult for people to change their first impression. For example, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Surgeon General said not to wear a mask. People remembered that.

Audiences believe the first message they hear.

Even if the first source of information isn’t the official source, people remember it … and they believe it. It’s difficult for people to change their first impression. For example, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Surgeon General said not to wear a mask. People remembered that.

Audiences believe the first message they hear.

Even if the first source of information isn’t the official source, people remember it … and they believe it. It’s difficult for people to change their first impression. For example, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Surgeon General said not to wear a mask. People remembered that.

Audiences believe the first message they hear.

Even if the first source of information isn’t the official source, people remember it … and they believe it. It’s difficult for people to change their first impression. For example, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Surgeon General said not to wear a mask. People remembered that.

Audiences believe the first message they hear.

Even if the first source of information isn’t the official source, people remember it … and they believe it. It’s difficult for people to change their first impression. For example, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Surgeon General said not to wear a mask. People remembered that.

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Audiences believe the first message they hear.

Even if the first source of information isn’t the official source, people remember it … and they believe it. It’s difficult for people to change their first impression. For example, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Surgeon General said not to wear a mask. People remembered that.

Audiences believe the first message they hear.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Suspendisse varius enim in eros elementum tristique. Duis cursus, mi quis viverra.

Even if the first source of information isn’t the official source, people remember it … and they believe it. It’s difficult for people to change their first impression. For example, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Surgeon General said not to wear a mask. People remembered that.

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In a crisis, affected people take in, process, and act on information differently than they would during non-crisis times. People or groups may exaggerate their communication responses. They may even revert to more basic or instinctive fight-or-flight reasoning. 


Effective communication during a crisis is not an attempt at mass mental therapy, nor is it a magic potion that fixes all problems. Instead, effectively communicating in a crisis is critical to help audiences make the best decisions because there will be many conflicting messages from different trusted sources.

In a crisis, affected people take in, process, and act on information differently than they would during non-crisis times. People or groups may exaggerate their communication responses. They may even revert to more basic or instinctive fight-or-flight reasoning. 


Effective communication during a crisis is not an attempt at mass mental therapy, nor is it a magic potion that fixes all problems. Instead, effectively communicating in a crisis is critical to help audiences make the best decisions because there will be many conflicting messages from different trusted sources.

In a crisis, affected people take in, process, and act on information differently than they would during non-crisis times. People or groups may exaggerate their communication responses. They may even revert to more basic or instinctive fight-or-flight reasoning. 


Effective communication during a crisis is not an attempt at mass mental therapy, nor is it a magic potion that fixes all problems. Instead, effectively communicating in a crisis is critical to help audiences make the best decisions because there will be many conflicting messages from different trusted sources.

This five-step process helps attract the attention of your audience and sets you up as a trusted source.

Failure in communications range drastically, but generally lead to public confusion.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

In a crisis, affected people take in, process, and act on information differently than they would during non-crisis times. People or groups may exaggerate their communication responses. They may even revert to more basic or instinctive fight-or-flight reasoning. 


Effective communication during a crisis is not an attempt at mass mental therapy, nor is it a magic potion that fixes all problems. Instead, effectively communicating in a crisis is critical to help audiences make the best decisions because there will be many conflicting messages from different trusted sources.

1

This five-step process helps attract the attention of your audience and sets you up as a trusted source.

2

Failure in communications range drastically, but generally lead to public confusion.

3

Execute a plan.

4

Execute a plan.

5

Execute a plan.

6

Execute a plan.

7

Execute a plan.

8

Execute a plan.

9

Execute a plan.

10

Execute a plan.

11

Execute a plan.

12

Execute a plan.

In a crisis, affected people take in, process, and act on information differently than they would during non-crisis times. People or groups may exaggerate their communication responses. They may even revert to more basic or instinctive fight-or-flight reasoning. 


Effective communication during a crisis is not an attempt at mass mental therapy, nor is it a magic potion that fixes all problems. Instead, effectively communicating in a crisis is critical to help audiences make the best decisions because there will be many conflicting messages from different trusted sources.

This five-step process helps attract the attention of your audience and sets you up as a trusted source.

Failure in communications range drastically, but generally lead to public confusion.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Effective Communication

This five-step process helps attract the attention of your audience and sets you up as a trusted source.

Failure in communications range drastically, but generally lead to public confusion.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Effective Communication

This five-step process helps attract the attention of your audience and sets you up as a trusted source.

Failures in Communication

Failure in communications range drastically, but generally lead to public confusion.

In a crisis, affected people take in, process, and act on information differently than they would during non-crisis times. People or groups may exaggerate their communication responses. They may even revert to more basic or instinctive fight-or-flight reasoning. 


Effective communication during a crisis is not an attempt at mass mental therapy, nor is it a magic potion that fixes all problems. Instead, effectively communicating in a crisis is critical to help audiences make the best decisions because there will be many conflicting messages from different trusted sources.

Effective Communication

This five-step process helps attract the attention of your audience and sets you up as a trusted source.

Failures in Communication

Failure in communications range drastically, but generally lead to public confusion.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

In a crisis, affected people take in, process, and act on information differently than they would during non-crisis times. People or groups may exaggerate their communication responses. They may even revert to more basic or instinctive fight-or-flight reasoning. 


Effective communication during a crisis is not an attempt at mass mental therapy, nor is it a magic potion that fixes all problems. Instead, effectively communicating in a crisis is critical to help audiences make the best decisions because there will be many conflicting messages from different trusted sources.

This five-step process helps attract the attention of your audience and sets you up as a trusted source.

Failure in communications range drastically, but generally lead to public confusion.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

In a crisis, affected people take in, process, and act on information differently than they would during non-crisis times. People or groups may exaggerate their communication responses. They may even revert to more basic or instinctive fight-or-flight reasoning. 


Effective communication during a crisis is not an attempt at mass mental therapy, nor is it a magic potion that fixes all problems. Instead, effectively communicating in a crisis is critical to help audiences make the best decisions because there will be many conflicting messages from different trusted sources.

In a crisis, affected people take in, process, and act on information differently than they would during non-crisis times. People or groups may exaggerate their communication responses. They may even revert to more basic or instinctive fight-or-flight reasoning. 


Effective communication during a crisis is not an attempt at mass mental therapy, nor is it a magic potion that fixes all problems. Instead, effectively communicating in a crisis is critical to help audiences make the best decisions because there will be many conflicting messages from different trusted sources.

This five-step process helps attract the attention of your audience and sets you up as a trusted source.

Failure in communications range drastically, but generally lead to public confusion.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

In a crisis, affected people take in, process, and act on information differently than they would during non-crisis times. People or groups may exaggerate their communication responses. They may even revert to more basic or instinctive fight-or-flight reasoning. 


Effective communication during a crisis is not an attempt at mass mental therapy, nor is it a magic potion that fixes all problems. Instead, effectively communicating in a crisis is critical to help audiences make the best decisions because there will be many conflicting messages from different trusted sources.

In a crisis, affected people take in, process, and act on information differently than they would during non-crisis times. People or groups may exaggerate their communication responses. They may even revert to more basic or instinctive fight-or-flight reasoning. 


Effective communication during a crisis is not an attempt at mass mental therapy, nor is it a magic potion that fixes all problems. Instead, effectively communicating in a crisis is critical to help audiences make the best decisions because there will be many conflicting messages from different trusted sources.

This five-step process helps attract the attention of your audience and sets you up as a trusted source.

Failure in communications range drastically, but generally lead to public confusion.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

In a crisis, affected people take in, process, and act on information differently than they would during non-crisis times. People or groups may exaggerate their communication responses. They may even revert to more basic or instinctive fight-or-flight reasoning. 


Effective communication during a crisis is not an attempt at mass mental therapy, nor is it a magic potion that fixes all problems. Instead, effectively communicating in a crisis is critical to help audiences make the best decisions because there will be many conflicting messages from different trusted sources.

1

Effective Communication

This five-step process helps attract the attention of your audience and sets you up as a trusted source.

2

Failures in Communication

Failure in communications range drastically, but generally lead to public confusion.

3

Execute a plan.

4

Execute a plan.

5

Execute a plan.

6

Execute a plan.

7

Execute a plan.

8

Execute a plan.

9

Execute a plan.

10

Execute a plan.

11

Execute a plan.

12

Execute a plan.

In a crisis, affected people take in, process, and act on information differently than they would during non-crisis times. People or groups may exaggerate their communication responses. They may even revert to more basic or instinctive fight-or-flight reasoning. 


Effective communication during a crisis is not an attempt at mass mental therapy, nor is it a magic potion that fixes all problems. Instead, effectively communicating in a crisis is critical to help audiences make the best decisions because there will be many conflicting messages from different trusted sources.

This five-step process helps attract the attention of your audience and sets you up as a trusted source.

Failure in communications range drastically, but generally lead to public confusion.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Suspendisse varius enim in eros elementum tristique. Duis cursus, mi quis viverra.

In a crisis, affected people take in, process, and act on information differently than they would during non-crisis times. People or groups may exaggerate their communication responses. They may even revert to more basic or instinctive fight-or-flight reasoning. 


Effective communication during a crisis is not an attempt at mass mental therapy, nor is it a magic potion that fixes all problems. Instead, effectively communicating in a crisis is critical to help audiences make the best decisions because there will be many conflicting messages from different trusted sources.

Effective Communication

This five-step process helps attract the attention of your audience and sets you up as a trusted source.

Failures in Communication

Failure in communications range drastically, but generally lead to public confusion.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Execute a plan.

Audiences simplify and misinterpret the messages they hear.

Example: What you say: There is an increased number of flu cases in our city. What the public might hear: There is a flu outbreak! Or, “I’m not at risk.”

Audiences simplify and misinterpret the messages they hear.

Example: What you say: There is an increased number of flu cases in our city. What the public might hear: There is a flu outbreak! Or, “I’m not at risk.”

Audiences, such as community members, may not fully hear the details of a response as they juggle multiple facts and sources.

They may be too stressed to remember information they could remember in normal situations.

They may misinterpret the information given to them.

Audiences simplify and misinterpret the messages they hear.

Example: What you say: There is an increased number of flu cases in our city. What the public might hear: There is a flu outbreak! Or, “I’m not at risk.”

1

Audiences, such as community members, may not fully hear the details of a response as they juggle multiple facts and sources.

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They may be too stressed to remember information they could remember in normal situations.

3

They may misinterpret the information given to them.

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Audiences simplify and misinterpret the messages they hear.

Example: What you say: There is an increased number of flu cases in our city. What the public might hear: There is a flu outbreak! Or, “I’m not at risk.”

Audiences, such as community members, may not fully hear the details of a response as they juggle multiple facts and sources.

They may be too stressed to remember information they could remember in normal situations.

They may misinterpret the information given to them.

Audiences, such as community members, may not fully hear the details of a response as they juggle multiple facts and sources.

They may be too stressed to remember information they could remember in normal situations.

They may misinterpret the information given to them.

Example: What you say: There is an increased number of flu cases in our city. What the public might hear: There is a flu outbreak! Or, “I’m not at risk.”

Audiences, such as community members, may not fully hear the details of a response as they juggle multiple facts and sources.

They may be too stressed to remember information they could remember in normal situations.

Audiences simplify and misinterpret the messages they hear.

Audiences, such as community members, may not fully hear the details of a response as they juggle multiple facts and sources.

They may be too stressed to remember information they could remember in normal situations.

They may misinterpret the information given to them.

Audiences simplify and misinterpret the messages they hear.

Example: What you say: There is an increased number of flu cases in our city. What the public might hear: There is a flu outbreak! Or, “I’m not at risk.”

Audiences, such as community members, may not fully hear the details of a response as they juggle multiple facts and sources.

They may be too stressed to remember information they could remember in normal situations.

They may misinterpret the information given to them.

Audiences simplify and misinterpret the messages they hear.

Example: What you say: There is an increased number of flu cases in our city. What the public might hear: There is a flu outbreak! Or, “I’m not at risk.”

Audiences simplify and misinterpret the messages they hear.

Example: What you say: There is an increased number of flu cases in our city. What the public might hear: There is a flu outbreak! Or, “I’m not at risk.”

Audiences, such as community members, may not fully hear the details of a response as they juggle multiple facts and sources.

They may be too stressed to remember information they could remember in normal situations.

They may misinterpret the information given to them.

Audiences simplify and misinterpret the messages they hear.

Example: What you say: There is an increased number of flu cases in our city. What the public might hear: There is a flu outbreak! Or, “I’m not at risk.”

Audiences simplify and misinterpret the messages they hear.

Example: What you say: There is an increased number of flu cases in our city. What the public might hear: There is a flu outbreak! Or, “I’m not at risk.”

Audiences, such as community members, may not fully hear the details of a response as they juggle multiple facts and sources.

They may be too stressed to remember information they could remember in normal situations.

They may misinterpret the information given to them.

Audiences simplify and misinterpret the messages they hear.

Example: What you say: There is an increased number of flu cases in our city. What the public might hear: There is a flu outbreak! Or, “I’m not at risk.”

1

Audiences, such as community members, may not fully hear the details of a response as they juggle multiple facts and sources.

2

They may be too stressed to remember information they could remember in normal situations.

3

They may misinterpret the information given to them.

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12

Audiences simplify and misinterpret the messages they hear.

Example: What you say: There is an increased number of flu cases in our city. What the public might hear: There is a flu outbreak! Or, “I’m not at risk.”

Audiences, such as community members, may not fully hear the details of a response as they juggle multiple facts and sources.

They may be too stressed to remember information they could remember in normal situations.

They may misinterpret the information given to them.

Audiences simplify and misinterpret the messages they hear.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Suspendisse varius enim in eros elementum tristique. Duis cursus, mi quis viverra.

Audiences, such as community members, may not fully hear the details of a response as they juggle multiple facts and sources.

They may be too stressed to remember information they could remember in normal situations.

They may misinterpret the information given to them.

Audiences hold onto their current beliefs.

Audiences hold onto their current beliefs.

People, as a whole, tend to avoid evidence or information that contradicts what they already believe.

They seek out and hold onto small details that support their beliefs.

Audiences hold onto their current beliefs.

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People, as a whole, tend to avoid evidence or information that contradicts what they already believe.

2

They seek out and hold onto small details that support their beliefs.

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Audiences hold onto their current beliefs.

People, as a whole, tend to avoid evidence or information that contradicts what they already believe.

They seek out and hold onto small details that support their beliefs.

People, as a whole, tend to avoid evidence or information that contradicts what they already believe.

They seek out and hold onto small details that support their beliefs.

People, as a whole, tend to avoid evidence or information that contradicts what they already believe.

They seek out and hold onto small details that support their beliefs.

Audiences hold onto their current beliefs.

People, as a whole, tend to avoid evidence or information that contradicts what they already believe.

They seek out and hold onto small details that support their beliefs.

Audiences hold onto their current beliefs.

People, as a whole, tend to avoid evidence or information that contradicts what they already believe.

They seek out and hold onto small details that support their beliefs.

Audiences hold onto their current beliefs.

Audiences hold onto their current beliefs.

People, as a whole, tend to avoid evidence or information that contradicts what they already believe.

They seek out and hold onto small details that support their beliefs.

Audiences hold onto their current beliefs.

Audiences hold onto their current beliefs.

People, as a whole, tend to avoid evidence or information that contradicts what they already believe.

They seek out and hold onto small details that support their beliefs.

Audiences hold onto their current beliefs.

1

People, as a whole, tend to avoid evidence or information that contradicts what they already believe.

2

They seek out and hold onto small details that support their beliefs.

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Audiences hold onto their current beliefs.

People, as a whole, tend to avoid evidence or information that contradicts what they already believe.

They seek out and hold onto small details that support their beliefs.

Audiences hold onto their current beliefs.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Suspendisse varius enim in eros elementum tristique. Duis cursus, mi quis viverra.

People, as a whole, tend to avoid evidence or information that contradicts what they already believe.

They seek out and hold onto small details that support their beliefs.

Audiences look for additional information and opinions.

Example: During COVID-19, audiences were split on if they should wear masks during the pandemic. As different experts said opposing things, it was easy for audiences to find — and follow — the information they most agreed with.

Audiences look for additional information and opinions.

Example: During COVID-19, audiences were split on if they should wear masks during the pandemic. As different experts said opposing things, it was easy for audiences to find — and follow — the information they most agreed with.

They change the channel or news source until they find a message they agree with.

They seek the input of family and friends.

They seek information on social media.

Audiences look for additional information and opinions.

Example: During COVID-19, audiences were split on if they should wear masks during the pandemic. As different experts said opposing things, it was easy for audiences to find — and follow — the information they most agreed with.

1

They change the channel or news source until they find a message they agree with.

2

They seek the input of family and friends.

3

They seek information on social media.

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5

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10

11

12

Audiences look for additional information and opinions.

Example: During COVID-19, audiences were split on if they should wear masks during the pandemic. As different experts said opposing things, it was easy for audiences to find — and follow — the information they most agreed with.

They change the channel or news source until they find a message they agree with.

They seek the input of family and friends.

They seek information on social media.

They change the channel or news source until they find a message they agree with.

They seek the input of family and friends.

They seek information on social media.

Example: During COVID-19, audiences were split on if they should wear masks during the pandemic. As different experts said opposing things, it was easy for audiences to find — and follow — the information they most agreed with.

They change the channel or news source until they find a message they agree with.

They seek the input of family and friends.

Audiences look for additional information and opinions.

They change the channel or news source until they find a message they agree with.

They seek the input of family and friends.

They seek information on social media.

Audiences look for additional information and opinions.

Example: During COVID-19, audiences were split on if they should wear masks during the pandemic. As different experts said opposing things, it was easy for audiences to find — and follow — the information they most agreed with.

They change the channel or news source until they find a message they agree with.

They seek the input of family and friends.

They seek information on social media.

Audiences look for additional information and opinions.

Example: During COVID-19, audiences were split on if they should wear masks during the pandemic. As different experts said opposing things, it was easy for audiences to find — and follow — the information they most agreed with.

Audiences look for additional information and opinions.

Example: During COVID-19, audiences were split on if they should wear masks during the pandemic. As different experts said opposing things, it was easy for audiences to find — and follow — the information they most agreed with.

They change the channel or news source until they find a message they agree with.

They seek the input of family and friends.

They seek information on social media.

Audiences look for additional information and opinions.

Example: During COVID-19, audiences were split on if they should wear masks during the pandemic. As different experts said opposing things, it was easy for audiences to find — and follow — the information they most agreed with.

Audiences look for additional information and opinions.

Example: During COVID-19, audiences were split on if they should wear masks during the pandemic. As different experts said opposing things, it was easy for audiences to find — and follow — the information they most agreed with.

They change the channel or news source until they find a message they agree with.

They seek the input of family and friends.

They seek information on social media.

Audiences look for additional information and opinions.

Example: During COVID-19, audiences were split on if they should wear masks during the pandemic. As different experts said opposing things, it was easy for audiences to find — and follow — the information they most agreed with.

1

They change the channel or news source until they find a message they agree with.

2

They seek the input of family and friends.

3

They seek information on social media.

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

Audiences look for additional information and opinions.

Example: During COVID-19, audiences were split on if they should wear masks during the pandemic. As different experts said opposing things, it was easy for audiences to find — and follow — the information they most agreed with.

They change the channel or news source until they find a message they agree with.

They seek the input of family and friends.

They seek information on social media.

Audiences look for additional information and opinions.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Suspendisse varius enim in eros elementum tristique. Duis cursus, mi quis viverra.

They change the channel or news source until they find a message they agree with.

They seek the input of family and friends.

They seek information on social media.

Even if the first source of information isn’t the official source, people remember it … and they believe it. It’s difficult for people to change their first impression. For example, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Surgeon General said not to wear a mask. People remembered that.

Audiences believe the first message they hear.

Even if the first source of information isn’t the official source, people remember it … and they believe it. It’s difficult for people to change their first impression. For example, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Surgeon General said not to wear a mask. People remembered that.

Audiences believe the first message they hear.

Even if the first source of information isn’t the official source, people remember it … and they believe it. It’s difficult for people to change their first impression. For example, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Surgeon General said not to wear a mask. People remembered that.

Audiences believe the first message they hear.

Even if the first source of information isn’t the official source, people remember it … and they believe it. It’s difficult for people to change their first impression. For example, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Surgeon General said not to wear a mask. People remembered that.

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3

4

5

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7

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Audiences believe the first message they hear.

Even if the first source of information isn’t the official source, people remember it … and they believe it. It’s difficult for people to change their first impression. For example, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Surgeon General said not to wear a mask. People remembered that.

Audiences believe the first message they hear.

Even if the first source of information isn’t the official source, people remember it … and they believe it. It’s difficult for people to change their first impression. For example, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Surgeon General said not to wear a mask. People remembered that.

Audiences believe the first message they hear.

Even if the first source of information isn’t the official source, people remember it … and they believe it. It’s difficult for people to change their first impression. For example, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Surgeon General said not to wear a mask. People remembered that.

Audiences believe the first message they hear.

Even if the first source of information isn’t the official source, people remember it … and they believe it. It’s difficult for people to change their first impression. For example, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Surgeon General said not to wear a mask. People remembered that.

Audiences believe the first message they hear.

Even if the first source of information isn’t the official source, people remember it … and they believe it. It’s difficult for people to change their first impression. For example, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Surgeon General said not to wear a mask. People remembered that.

Audiences believe the first message they hear.

Even if the first source of information isn’t the official source, people remember it … and they believe it. It’s difficult for people to change their first impression. For example, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Surgeon General said not to wear a mask. People remembered that.

Audiences believe the first message they hear.

Even if the first source of information isn’t the official source, people remember it … and they believe it. It’s difficult for people to change their first impression. For example, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Surgeon General said not to wear a mask. People remembered that.

Audiences believe the first message they hear.

Even if the first source of information isn’t the official source, people remember it … and they believe it. It’s difficult for people to change their first impression. For example, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Surgeon General said not to wear a mask. People remembered that.

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Audiences believe the first message they hear.

Even if the first source of information isn’t the official source, people remember it … and they believe it. It’s difficult for people to change their first impression. For example, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Surgeon General said not to wear a mask. People remembered that.

Audiences believe the first message they hear.

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Even if the first source of information isn’t the official source, people remember it … and they believe it. It’s difficult for people to change their first impression. For example, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Surgeon General said not to wear a mask. People remembered that.

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